The 13 Attributes of Allah (Ṣifāt Thalātha ʿAshar)

1. Al‐Wujūd

Existence

Allah’s existence is necessary, absolute, and independent of any cause.

2. Al‐Qidam

Pre‐Eternity

He has no beginning; He existed before all time and creation.

3. Al‐Baqā’

Everlastingness

He has no end; His existence remains eternally unchanged.

4. Mukhalafatuhu lil‐ḥawādith

Dissimilarity to Creation

Nothing resembles Him in any way; He is utterly transcendent.

5. Qiyāmuhu binafsih

Self‐Subsistence

He depends on no one and nothing, while all depend on Him.

6. Al‐Waḥdāniyyah

Oneness

He is uniquely One, without partner, parts, or division.

7. Al‐Qudrah

Power

His power is absolute over all possibilities and events.

8. Al‐Irādah

Will

Everything occurs by His wise and purposeful decree.

9. Al‐‘Ilm

Knowledge

He knows all things—past, present, future, and the hidden.

10. Al‐Ḥayāh

Life

He is ever‐living with perfect, eternal life.

11. As‐Sam‘

Hearing

He hears every sound without ear or instrument.

12. Al‐Baṣar

Sight

He sees all things without eye or light.

13. Al‐Kalām

Speech

He speaks eternally in a manner beyond human comprehension.